Qurbani mein hissedari (partnership) ka concept Islam mein us waqt paya jata hai jab aik bada janwar, jaise gaaye, bhains, ya oont Qurban kiya jaye. Shariat ke mutabiq, aise janwaron mein aik se lekar saat (7) afraad tak hissa le sakte hain. Is hissedari ka bunyadi maqsad un logon ko Qurbani ada karne ki sahulet dena hai jo shayad akele pura janwar na khareed saken, aur yeh bhi sabhi shareekon ki taraf se Allah Pak ki raza ke husool ka zariya banta hai.
Hissedari Kin Janwaron Mein Jayaz Hai?
Hissedari sirf bade janwaron, yani gaaye (jis mein bhains bhi shamil hai) aur oont mein jayaz hai. Bakra, dumbha, ya bher mein hissedari jayaz nahi. Yeh janwar sirf aik shakhs ki taraf se Qurban kiye ja sakte hain.
Gaaye Aur Oont Mein Kitne Hisse Ho Sakte Hain?
Fuqaha (Islami ulama) is baat par muttafiq hain ke:
- Gaaye ya Bhains: Is mein aik se le kar saat (7) afraad tak hissa le sakte hain.
- Oont: Is mein bhi aik se le kar saat (7) afraad tak hissa le sakte hain.
Har hissa barabar hona chahiye, yaani tamam shareekon ko janwar ke gosht mein barabar ka hissa milega. Maslan, agar saat afraad hain to har aik ka 1/7 hissa hoga.
Hissedari Ki Aham Sharait
Hissedari mein Qurbani karne ke liye chand aham sharait hain jin ka pura hona zaroori hai, taa keh Qurbani sahi ho sake:
- Niyyat Ka Khuloos: Tamam shareekon ki niyyat sirf aur sirf Allah Pak ki raza ke liye Qurbani karna honi chahiye. Agar kisi aik shakhs ki niyyat sirf gosht hasil karna ho, aur Qurbani ki ibadat na ho, to tamaam hissedaron ki Qurbani batil ho jayegi (Hanafi fiqh ke nazdeeq).
- Maal Halal Ho: Sabhi hissedaron ka maal halal kamai ka hona chahiye. Haram maal se ki gai Qurbani maqbool nahi hoti.
- Hisson Ki Taqseem: Janwar ke gosht ko taqseem karte waqt wazan ke aitbar se hisse barabar hone chahiye. Andaze se taqseem karna jayaz nahi, kyunke is mein na-insafi ka imkan hota hai.
- Sab Ka Sahib-e-Nisab Hona Zaroori Nahi: Agarche Qurbani wajib sahib-e-nisab par hoti hai, lekin hissedari mein zaroori nahi ke har hissedar sahib-e-nisab ho. Jo sahib-e-nisab nahi hain, woh bhi nafli Qurbani ki niyyat se hissa le sakte hain.
- Aik Janwar Mein Hissedari: Har janwar mein aik hi Qurbani ki niyyat se hissa liya jaye, yaani us janwar ko do mukhtalif ibadaton (maslan aik Qurbani aur aik Aqeeqa) ke liye istemal na kiya jaye. Albattah, Hanafi fiqh mein Qurbani aur Aqeeqa ki niyyat se aik janwar mein hissa lena jayaz hai, basharte ke hisse barabar hon.
Ijtamai Qurbani (Collective Qurbani) Ka Tareeqa
Bade shehron mein aksar log Ijtamai Qurbani ka intizam karte hain jahan kai afraad mil kar Qurbani karte hain. Is tareeqay mein kisi idare ya shakhs ke zariye janwar khareeda jata hai aur phir uske hisse kiye jate hain. Is mein bhi upar bayan ki gai sharait ka khayal rakhna zaroori hai.
Ijtamai Qurbani mein sab se ahem cheez niyyat ki durusti aur amanat dari hai. Jis shakhs ya idare ko Qurbani ka zimma diya jaye, us par lazim hai ke woh sharai ahkam ke mutabiq Qurbani karwaye.
Qurbani ke janwar ki umar aur us mein paye jaane wale aibon ke bare mein mazeed tafseel ke liye, hamara article “Qurbani Ke Janwar Aur Unki Sharait” parhen.
Khulasa
Gaaye aur oont ki Qurbani mein saat afraad tak hissa le sakte hain, basharte ke tamam sharait puri ki jayen. Hissedari ka yeh tareeqa musalmanon ko Qurbani ki ibadat ada karne mein aasani faraham karta hai aur unhein sawab-e-azeem hasil karne ka mauqa deta hai. Hamesha niyyat ka khuloos aur sharai ahkam ki pabandi ka khayal rakhen taa keh aapki Qurbani Allah Pak ki bargah mein maqbool ho.