Qurbani Islam mein aik azeem ibadat hai jo har sahib-e-nisab musalman par wajib ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah hai (fiqhi ikhtilaf ke mutabiq). Iska bunyadi maqsad Allah Pak ki raza hasil karna, uski di hui beshumar nematton ka shukar ada karna, aur Hazrat Ibrahim علیہ السلام ki aziz tareen sunnat ki pairwi karna hai. Qurbani ke zariye musalman Allah Pak ke samne apni ita’at aur taqwa ka izhar karte hain, aur is amal ke badle azeem sawab, gunahon ki maghfirat, aur Allah Pak se qurbat hasil karte hain.
Qurbani Kya Hai Aur Iska Asal Maqsad Kya Hai?
Qurbani se muraad Eid ul Adha ke mauqe par Allah Pak ke naam par aik khaas janwar ko zibah karna hai, jo sharai shara’it ke mutabiq ho. Is ibadat ka gehra ta’alluq tareekhi taur par Hazrat Ibrahim علیہ السلام ke us waqi’ay se hai jab unhone Allah Pak ke hukm par apne pyare bete Hazrat Ismail علیہ السلام ko Qurban karne ki tayyari ki thi. Allah Pak ne apni qudrat se Hazrat Ismail علیہ السلام ko bacha kar aik dumba bheja, aur us waqiye ne Qurbani ki bunyad rakhi.
Qurbani ka asal maqsad sirf gosht hasil karna ya khoon bahana nahi, balkay Allah Pak ki raza aur khushnoodi ka husool hai. Quran Pak mein is haqeeqat ko yun bayan kiya gaya hai:
“Allah ko na un (janwaron) ka gosht pahunchta hai aur na unka khoon, balkay us tak tumhara taqwa pahunchta hai.” [1]Surah Hajj, Ayat 37
Yeh ayat wazeh karti hai ke Qurbani ki qubooliyat ka daromadar hamare dil ki niyyat aur Allah Pak ke khauf (taqwa) par hai.
Quran-o-Hadith Pak Ki Roshni Mein Qurbani Ki Azeem Fazilat
Qurbani ki ahmiyat aur fazilat ko Quran Pak aur ahaadees-e-Mubarika mein mutaddid jagah bayan kiya gaya hai, jo is ibadat ki balatar muqam ko darshata hai:
Quran Majeed Mein Qurbani
Allah Pak ne Surah Kausar mein Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ko khasusi hukm diya:
“Pas apne Rab ke liye Namaz parhiye aur Qurbani kijiye.” [2]Surah Kausar, Ayat 2
Yeh ayat Namaz ke saath Qurbani ko zikr kar ke iski azeem ahmiyat ko ujaagar karti hai. Mazeed, Surah Hajj ki ayat 34 mein farmaya gaya:
“Aur hum ne har ummat ke liye Qurbani muqarrar kar di taa keh woh un janwaron par Allah Pak ka naam len jo usne unhen ataa kiye hain.”
Ahaadees-e-Mubarika Mein Qurbani Ki Fazilat
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ne Qurbani ki behtareen fazilat bayan ki hai:
- Allah Pak Ka Pasandida Amal: Hazrat Aisha رضی اللہ عنہا se riwayat hai ke Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya: “Aadmi Eid ul Adha ke din koi amal Qurbani se zyada pasandida nahi karta. Qurbani ka janwar Qayamat ke din apne singhon, baalon aur khuron ke saath aayega. Aur Qurbani ka khoon zameen par girne se pehle Allah Pak ke nazdeek maqbool ho jata hai. Pas khush dili se Qurbani karo.” (Tirmidhi)Yeh Hadith Qurbani ke azeem ajar aur Allah Pak ke nazdeeq uski maqbooliyat ko wazeh karti hai.
- Har Baal Ke Badle Neki: Aik sahabi ne arz kiya, “Ya Rasoolullah ﷺ! Yeh Qurbaniyan kya hain?” Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, “Yeh tumhare Baap Ibrahim علیہ السلام ki sunnat hai.” Unhon ne poocha, “Ya Rasoolullah ﷺ! Hamare liye in mein kya sawab hai?” Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, “Har baal ke badle aik neki hai.” Unhon ne poocha, “Ya Rasoolullah ﷺ! Oon ke baare mein kya hukm hai?” Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, “Oon ke har baal ke badle bhi aik neki hai.” (Ibn Majah)Is Hadith se Qurbani ke har juz (hisse) par milne wale bepanah sawab ka andaza hota hai.
- Allah Pak Se Qurbat Ka Zariya: Qurbani sirf janwar zibah karna nahi, balkay Allah Pak se nazdeeki (qurbat) hasil karne ka aik roohani zariya hai. Yeh is baat ka saboot hai ke bandah Allah Pak ke hukm par apni sab se pyari cheez bhi Qurban karne ke liye tayyar hai.
Qurbani Ki Ahmiyat Aur Uske Deegar Samajik-o-Ma’ashi Fawaid
Qurbani ke sirf roohani fawaid hi nahi, balkay iske muasharti aur ma’ashi pehlu bhi hain:
- Sunnat-e-Ibrahimi Ki Pairwi: Yeh amal Hazrat Ibrahim علیہ السلام ki behtareen sunnat ki yaad taaza karta hai, jo imaan, sabr, aur Allah Pak ki ita’at ki misaal hai.
- Allah Pak Ka Shukar Ada Karna: Qurbani ke zariye hum Allah Pak ki di hui beshumar nematton, khaas kar rizq aur zindagi par shukr ada karte hain.
- Masakeen Aur Fuqara Ki Imdad: Qurbani ka gosht teen hisson mein taqseem kiya jata hai, jis mein se aik hissa ghareebon aur zarooratmand logon mein bant’ta hai. Isse unki zaroorat puri hoti hai aur muashre mein humdardi aur madad ka jazba farogh pata hai.Qurbani ka gosht kaise taqseem karen? Is bare mein tafseeli maloomat ke liye hamara article Qurbani Ka Gosht Kaise Taqseem Karen? (3 Hisson Ka Masla) parhen.
- Islami Bhai Chara Aur Rishton Mein Mazbooti: Qurbani ka gosht rishtedaron aur doston mein bhi taqseem kiya jata hai, jo aapas mein muhabbat aur ittefaq barhane ka sabab banta hai.
Kya Qurbani Wajib Hai Ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah?
Fuqaha (Islami Ulama) ke darmiyan Qurbani ke hukm par ikhtilaf paya jata hai:
- Hanafi Mazhab Ke Nazdeeq: Qurbani har sahib-e-nisab muqeem musalman par wajib hai, jis tarah Namaz aur Roza wajib hain. Sahib-e-nisab se muraad woh shakhs hai jo Zakat ke nisab ka malik ho.Janne ke liye ke Qurbani kis par wajib hai? tafseeli article parhen.
- Deegar Aimma (Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali) Ke Nazdeeq: Qurbani Sunnat-e-Muakkadah hai, yani iski bahut taakeed ki gai hai aur baghair uzr ke isko tark karna pasandida nahi hai.
Is ikhtilaf ke bawajood, is baat par ittefaq hai ke Qurbani aik azeem ibadat hai aur is par ajar-o-sawab bepanah hai, lihaza usay chorna nahin chahiye jab tak koi majboori na ho.
Khulasa-e-Kalam
Qurbani aik farz-e-kifaya nahi balkay aik shakhsi ibadat hai jis ki shariat mein khaas ahmiyat hai. Yeh Allah Pak se qurbat, gunahon ki maghfirat, aur azeem sawab hasil karne ka mauqa faraham karti hai. Har baligh, aaqil, muqeem musalman par jo sahib-e-nisab ho, Qurbani wajib hai ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah. Hamein chahiye ke is azeem ibadat ko puri khushu, khuloos aur sharai shara’it ke mutabiq ada karen taa keh Allah Pak ki raza hasil kar saken.
Hawala Jaat