Qurbani har us baligh, aaqil, muqeem musalman par wajib ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah hai (fiqhi ikhtilaf ke mutabiq) jis ke paas Eid ul Adha ke din (10 Zilhaj) subah Sadiq se lekar 12 Zilhaj ki maghrib tak, apni bunyadi zarooriyat (jaise makan, libas, istemal ki ashya) se hat kar, kam az kam 52.5 tola chandi (ya uski qeemat ke barabar maal) ho. Yeh nisab us maal par bhi hota hai jo naami (barhne wala) ho ya na ho, aur us par saal guzarna bhi shart nahi.
Qurbani Ka Hukm: Wajib Ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah?
Qurbani ka hukm Islami fuqaha (ulama-e-deen) ke darmiyan ikhtilafi masla hai:
- Imam Abu Hanifa (Rahimahullah) ke Nazdeeq: Qurbani har us sahib-e-nisab muqeem musalman par Wajib hai, jis tarah Namaz aur Roza wajib hain. Is nazariye ki bunyad un ahaadees Pak par hai jin mein Qurbani ki shadeed takeed aayi hai aur usay tark karne par sakht wa’eed (dhamki) bayan ki gai hai.
- Deegar Aimma (Imam Shafi, Imam Malik, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal Rahimahumullah) ke Nazdeeq: Qurbani Sunnat-e-Muakkadah hai, yani bahut takeedi sunnat, lekin wajib nahi. Unka istedal un ahaadees Pak se hai jin mein Qurbani ka zikr wajib ke taur par nahin, balkay aik fazilat wale amal ke taur par kiya gaya hai.
Bahirhaal, dono sooraton mein Qurbani ki ahmiyat aur fazilat bepanah hai. Agar kisi par Qurbani wajib ho, to usay zarur ada karni chahiye. Agar wajib na bhi ho, tab bhi ajar-o-sawab ke husool ke liye Qurbani karna behtareen amal hai.
Qurbani ki mazeed fazilat aur ahmiyat janne ke liye, aap hamara tafseeli article “Qurbani Ki Ahmiyat Aur Fazilat” parh sakte hain.
Qurbani Wajib Hone Ki Bunyadi Sharait
Qurbani wajib hone ke liye chand zaroori sharait hain jin ka paya jana lazim hai:
- Musalman Hona: Qurbani sirf musalmanon par wajib hai.
- Baligh Hona: Qurbani sirf baligh musalmanon par wajib hai. Nabaligh bachon par Qurbani wajib nahin hoti, agarche unke maal mein nisab bhi paya jaye.
- Aaqil Hona: Zehni taur par sehatmand aur samajhdar hona zaroori hai.
- Muqeem Hona:** Woh shakhs jo musafir na ho, yani apne shehar ya qaam qayam pazeer ho. Musafir par Qurbani wajib nahin hoti.
- Sahib-e-Nisab Hona: Sab se ahem shart yeh hai ke shakhs Qurbani ke nisab ka malik ho.
Qurbani Ka Nisab Kya Hai?
Qurbani ka nisab wahi hai jo Zakat ka nisab hai, lekin chand farq ke sath.
- Mali Nisab: Shakhs ke paas apni zaroorat se zaaid kam az kam 52.5 tola (612.36 gram) chandi ki qeemat ke barabar maal maujood ho. Ya uski mutaliqa qeemat ke barabar sona, ya tijarti saaman, ya naqdi rakam, ya be-kaar zameen, ya zaroorat se zaaid ghar ka samaan.
- Waqt Ki Pabandi: Yeh nisab Eid ul Adha ke teeno dinon (10, 11, 12 Zilhaj) mein se kisi bhi waqt (yani 10 Zilhaj ki subah Sadiq se lekar 12 Zilhaj ki maghrib tak) agar kisi shakhs ke paas maujood ho, to us par Qurbani wajib ho jati hai.
- Haul-e-Hawl (Saal Guzarna) Ki Shart Nahin: Zakat ke baraks, Qurbani ke liye maal par aik saal ka guzarna (haul-e-hawl) shart nahin hai. Agar Eid ke din bhi uske paas nisab mukammal ho jaye to Qurbani wajib ho jayegi.
- Qarz Aur Zarooriyat Ka Asar: Nisab calculate karte waqt, us shakhs par jitna qarz hai aur uski bunyadi zarooriyat (jaise zaroorat ka makan, zaroorat ki sawari, zaroorat ke bartan waghera) unko minus kiya jayega. Agar uske baad bhi nisab ki miqdar ke barabar maal bachta hai to Qurbani wajib hogi.
Zakat ke nisab aur uski tafseel janne ke liye, aap hamara article “Zakat Kis Par Farz Hai? Nisab Aur Adaigi Ke Ahkam” parh sakte hain.
Chand Aham Masail Aur Sawalat
- Agar Qurbani wajib ho lekin maal na ho?Agar kisi par Qurbani wajib ho lekin uske paas Qurbani ke liye maal na ho, to us par Qurbani maaf ho jati hai. Lekin agar woh Qarz lekar Qurbani karna chahe aur usko Qarz ada karne ki umeed ho to woh aisa kar sakta hai, kyunke is mein ajar-o-sawab hai.
- Murdon ki taraf se Qurbani:Agar koi shakhs apne mareez waldein ya kisi azeez ki taraf se Qurbani karna chahe to yeh jayaz hai aur is par sawab milta hai. Yeh sawab eesaal-e-sawab ki niyyat se kiya jata hai.Is topic par mazeed tafseel ke liye: Mare Hue Logon Ki Taraf Se Qurbani Ka Hukam Kya Hai?
- Bachon ki Qurbani:Jaisa ke bayan kiya gaya, nabaligh bachon par Qurbani wajib nahin. Agar unke naam par bank account mein ya kisi aur surat mein nisab ke barabar maal ho tab bhi un par Qurbani wajib nahin hogi. Albattah, unka waalid ya sarparast apni taraf se unki Qurbani kar sakta hai.
Khulasa
Qurbani aik farz-e-kifaya nahin balkay aik shakhsi ibadat hai jis ki shariat mein khaas ahmiyat hai. Har baligh, aaqil, muqeem musalman par jo sahib-e-nisab ho, Qurbani wajib hai ya Sunnat-e-Muakkadah. Lehaza, agar aap in sharait par poora utarte hain, to Allah Pak ki raza aur sawab ke liye Qurbani ko zaroor ada karen.